Hydrogen peroxide breaks down within minutes, it especially breaks down in sunlight. It should be fine after 10-15 minutes! Also it is pretty harmless even if you get some in your mouth, it just foams a little and breaks down even faster (into water and oxygen). I don't think it would hurt rats.
Just make sure you are using it in an opaque bottle (such as the one it comes in) so the sunlight doesn't reach it. Also do not use the marketed cleaner on the shelves with hydrogen peroxide, like the clorox ones, they are full of scents.